The chief advance of the placoderms was the development of a. paired fins for efficient movement b. paired jaws that enabled them to bite and feed c. bony plates for protection d. an efficient set of lungs e. a strengthened notochord

The chief advance of the placoderms was the development of

a.    paired fins for efficient movement

b.    paired jaws that enabled them to bite and feed

c.    bony plates for protection

d.    an efficient set of lungs

e.    a strengthened notochord

Ans: paired jaws that enabled them to bite and feed

Placoderms were the first fishes to display a. jaws b. gill openings c. cartilaginous skeletons d. jaws and gill openings only e. jaws, gill openings, and cartilaginous skeletons

Placoderms were the first fishes to display

a.    jaws

b.    gill openings

c.    cartilaginous skeletons

d.    jaws and gill openings only

e.    jaws, gill openings, and cartilaginous skeletons

Ans:  jaws

In vertebrate evolution, the appearance of the vertebral column led most directly to the development of a. limbs such as arms and legs b. jaws c. sense organs and the nervous system d. more efficient breathing systems e. greater speed and agility

In vertebrate evolution, the appearance of the vertebral column led most directly to the development of

a.    limbs such as arms and legs

b.    jaws

c.    sense organs and the nervous system

d.    more efficient breathing systems

e.    greater speed and agility

Ans: greater speed and agility

The evolution of vertebrates a. is believed to have proceeded from cephalochordates b. is most closely tied to urochordates c. is most closely tied to hemichordates d. is probably in a lineage apart from present-day invertebrate chordates e. possibly proceeded from cephalochordates through hemichordates

The evolution of vertebrates

a.    is believed to have proceeded from cephalochordates

b.    is most closely tied to urochordates

c.    is most closely tied to hemichordates

d.    is probably in a lineage apart from present-day invertebrate chordates

e.    possibly proceeded from cephalochordates through hemichordates

Ans: is probably in a lineage apart from present-day invertebrate chordates

The vertebrate jaw first appeared in which organism? a. fishes b. amphibians c. reptiles d. birds e. mammals

The vertebrate jaw first appeared in which organism?

a.    fishes

b.    amphibians

c.    reptiles

d.    birds

e.    mammals

Ans:  fishes

The most primitive vertebrates are members of the group of a. jawless fishes b. amphibians c. cartilaginous fish d. birds e. bony fish

The most primitive vertebrates are members of the group of

a.    jawless fishes

b.    amphibians

c.    cartilaginous fish

d.    birds

e.    bony fish

Ans:  jawless fishes

What is the only craniate without a vertebral column? a. hagfish b. lamprey c. lancelet d. placoderm e. tunicate

What is the only craniate without a vertebral column?

a.    hagfish

b.    lamprey

c.    lancelet

d.    placoderm

e.    tunicate

Ans: hagfish

Lancelets are a. predators b. filter feeders c. scavengers d. parasites e. scrapers that feed on the ocean bottom

Lancelets are

a.    predators

b.    filter feeders

c.    scavengers

d.    parasites

e.    scrapers that feed on the ocean bottom

Ans: filter feeders

Lancelets possess which of the following all their lives? a. notochord b. gill slits c. nerve cord d. notochord and nerve cord only e. notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits.

Lancelets possess which of the following all their lives?

a.    notochord

b.    gill slits

c.    nerve cord

d.    notochord and nerve cord only

e.    notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits.

Ans: notochord, nerve cord, and gill slits.

During the life of a tunicate, the notochord a. is present throughout life b. appears in the larva only c. develops during adulthood d. is completely absent e. changes into the nerve cord

During the life of a tunicate, the notochord

a.    is present throughout life

b.    appears in the larva only

c.    develops during adulthood

d.    is completely absent

e.    changes into the nerve cord

Ans: appears in the larva only

Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of the sea squirts that forms the basis for its classification? a. metamorphosis from a motile larva to a sessile adult b. a heart that allows circulation of blood c. a notochord located in the tail of the larva d. sexual reproduction during the larval stage e. the presence of a tunic or coat over the body of the adult

Which of the following is a diagnostic feature of the sea squirts that forms the basis for its classification?

a.    metamorphosis from a motile larva to a sessile adult

b.    a heart that allows circulation of blood

c.    a notochord located in the tail of the larva

d.    sexual reproduction during the larval stage

e.    the presence of a tunic or coat over the body of the adult

Ans:  a notochord located in the tail of the larva

In filter-feeding chordates, which structure has cilia that create water currents and mucus sheets that capture nutrients suspended in the water? a. notochord b. differentially permeable membrane c. filiform tongue d. gill slit

In filter-feeding chordates, which structure has cilia that create water currents and mucus sheets that capture nutrients suspended in the water?

a.    notochord

b.    differentially permeable membrane

c.    filiform tongue

d.    gill slit

e.    jaw

Ans: gill slit

Which of the following is NOT a feature that is found exclusively among all vertebrates? a. notochord b. pharyngeal gill slits c. four legs d. post-anal tail e. dorsal nerve cord

Which of the following is NOT a feature that is found exclusively among all vertebrates?

a.    notochord

b.    pharyngeal gill slits

c.    four legs

d.    post-anal tail

e.    dorsal nerve cord

Ans: four legs

Which of the following statements is false? a. All vertebrates have a ventral nerve cord. b. All vertebrates have a tail at some stage in their life cycle. c. All vertebrates have a notochord at some stage in their life cycle.

Which of the following statements is false?

a.    All vertebrates have a ventral nerve cord.

b.    All vertebrates have a tail at some stage in their life cycle.

c.    All vertebrates have a notochord at some stage in their life cycle.

d.    All vertebrates have pharyngeal gill slits at some stage in their life cycle.

e.    All vertebrates have a tubular nerve cord.

Ans: All vertebrates have a ventral nerve cord.

The chordate feature still present in the human adult is a. pharyngeal gill slits b. nerve cord c. notochord d. tail

 The chordate feature still present in the human adult is

a.    pharyngeal gill slits

b.    nerve cord

c.    notochord

d.    tail

e.    all of the choices

Ans: nerve cord

The notochord is most closely associated with the a. nervous system b. spinal cord c. skeletal system

 The notochord is most closely associated with the

a.    nervous system

b.    spinal cord

c.    skeletal system

d.    skin system

e.    nervous system and spinal cord only

Ans: skeletal system

Which statement is NOT true? a. All chordates have notochords. b. All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or slits. c. All chordates have dorsal tubular nerve cords. d. All chordates are vertebrates.

Which statement is NOT true?

a.    All chordates have notochords.

b.    All chordates have pharyngeal pouches or slits.

c.    All chordates have dorsal tubular nerve cords.

d.    All chordates are vertebrates.

e.    Chordates are found in all major types of environments.

Ans: All chordates are vertebrates.

Which group is most closely related phylogenetically to the first vertebrates?

Which group is most closely related phylogenetically to the first vertebrates?

a.    echinoderms

b.    arthropods

c.    mollusks

d.    annelids

e.    nematodes

Ans: echinoderms